SAH Treatments

It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.

Albert Einstein (1879–1955)

Hemorrhagic stroke represents about 13% of all strokes and is caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) [1-3]. SAH comprises about 3% of all strokes in the United States [1,3].

Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is the third most common subtype of stroke and frequently related to aneurysmal rupture [4]. Emergent therapeutic interventions are focused on decreasing the risk of rebleeding and, most crucially, early aneurysm treatment using coil embolisation or clipping [4].

SAH is a devastating acute neurological and cerebrovascular disorders with high mortality and disability [5,6]. Although studies on SAH have been carried out for decades, the prognosis of patients with SAH remains unsatisfactory [5,6,7]. Novel strategies to prevent and treat early brain injury, aneurysm rebleeding, delayed cerebral ischaemia, seizures, and other medical complications might hold promise to improve outcomes further [4,6].

References

  1. Khattar NK, Williams BJ, Ding D, et al. Chapter 22 Neuroprotective Strategies in Hemorrhagic Stroke. In: Lapchak PA, YANG GY, editors. Translational Research in Stroke. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. P492.

  2. Xu R, Gjpro A, Schneider UC, et al. Chapter 13 Microglia Function in Stroke. In: Lapchak PA, YANG GY, editors. Translational Research in Stroke. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. P281.

  3. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 127(1): e6-e245.

  4. Claassen J, Park S. Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 2022; 400(10355): 846-862.

  5. Qin B, Peng Y, Zhong C, et al. Mast cells mediate inflammatory injury and aggravate neurological impairment in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage through microglial PAR-2 pathway. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021; 15: 710481.

  6. Lantigua H, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Schmidt JM, et al. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why? Crit Care 2015; 19(1): 309.

  7. Zacharia BE, Ducruet AF, Hickman ZL, et al. Technological advances in the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms fail to improve outcome in New York state. Stroke. 2011; 42: 2844–2849.