关于脑卒中 - 安则诺医药

但是我见过严重的脑损伤痊愈了。

盖伦 (129-216)

脑血管意外（CVA），通常称为中风或脑卒中，是由大脑血液供应的突然中断或严重受损引起的[1]。脑卒中的直接后果可能是毁灭性的，包括无力或瘫痪，言语问题，视力问题，记忆力减退甚至死亡[2,3]。即使受害者幸运地在中风中存活下来，进一步的后果，如认知障碍和最终痴呆可能会很快出现或需要更长的时间发展[2]。

脑卒中分为两种：缺血性（脑血栓）和出血性（脑出血）。急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）约占所有中风病例的87％[5]，出血性脑卒中约占所有中风病例的 13%[12]。出血性脑卒中最常见的两种亚型是脑出血（10%）和蛛网膜下腔出血（3%）[12]。

脑卒中作为导致死亡的第二大主要原因，被认为是全球人类疾病中长期身体残疾和认知障碍的主要原因[4,6-8]。脑卒中是一种常见的毁灭性疾病，每年影响全球1500万人[8-10]。其中500多万人死亡，另有500万人永久残疾[8,11]。在全球范围内，25 岁以上的人中有四分之一会在一生中患中风[13]。

上述事实清楚地表明，脑卒中是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要贡献者，开发更有效的脑卒中预防和治疗方法是医学研究的一个关键目标[11]。

参考文献

Heiss WD. PET imaging in ischemic cerebrovascular disease: current status and future directions. Neurosci Bull. 2014; 30(5): 713–732.
The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Mind the connection: Preventing stroke and dementia. 2016 Stroke Report.
Pullicino PM, Alexandrov AV, Shelton JA, et al. Mass effect and death from severe acute stroke. Neurology 1997; 49(4): 1090-1095.
Musuka TD, Wilton SB, Traboulsi M, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke: speed is critical. CMAJ. 2015; 187(12): 887–893.
Schaefer PW and Roccatagliata L. Cerebrovascular Emergencies. In: Abujudeh H, editor. Emergency Radiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016. p.10
AHA/ASA, 2017 Stroke Fact Sheet.
Chui HC and Ramirez Gomez L. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment in Late Life. Neurol Clin. 2017; 35(2): 295-323.
Harpaz D, Eltzov E, Seet RCS, et al. Point-of-Care-Testing in Acute Stroke Management: An Unmet Need Ripe for Technological Harvest. Biosensors 2017; 7(3): 30.
Tyagi S, Koh GC, Nan L, et al. Healthcare utilization and cost trajectories post-stroke: role of caregiver and stroke factors. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018; 18(1): 881.
Braeuninger S, Kleinschnitz C. Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2009;1:8.
Neuhaus AA, Couch Y, Hadley G, et al. Neuroprotection in stroke: the importance of collaboration and reproducibility. Brain 2017; 140(8): 2079-2092.
Khattar NK, Williams BJ, Ding D, et al. Chapter 22 Neuroprotective Strategies in Hemorrhagic Stroke. In: Lapchak PA, YANG GY, editors. Translational Research in Stroke. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. P492.
Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022; 17(1): 18-29.

上述事实清楚地表明，脑卒中是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要贡献者，开发更有效的脑卒中预防和治疗方法是医学研究的一个关键目标[11]。

参考文献

Heiss WD. PET imaging in ischemic cerebrovascular disease: current status and future directions. Neurosci Bull. 2014; 30(5): 713–732.

The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Mind the connection: Preventing stroke and dementia. 2016 Stroke Report.

Pullicino PM, Alexandrov AV, Shelton JA, et al. Mass effect and death from severe acute stroke. Neurology 1997; 49(4): 1090-1095.

Musuka TD, Wilton SB, Traboulsi M, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke: speed is critical. CMAJ. 2015; 187(12): 887–893.

Schaefer PW and Roccatagliata L. Cerebrovascular Emergencies. In: Abujudeh H, editor. Emergency Radiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016. p.10

AHA/ASA, 2017 Stroke Fact Sheet.

Chui HC and Ramirez Gomez L. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment in Late Life. Neurol Clin. 2017; 35(2): 295-323.

Harpaz D, Eltzov E, Seet RCS, et al. Point-of-Care-Testing in Acute Stroke Management: An Unmet Need Ripe for Technological Harvest. Biosensors 2017; 7(3): 30.

Tyagi S, Koh GC, Nan L, et al. Healthcare utilization and cost trajectories post-stroke: role of caregiver and stroke factors. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018; 18(1): 881.

Braeuninger S, Kleinschnitz C. Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2009;1:8.

Neuhaus AA, Couch Y, Hadley G, et al. Neuroprotection in stroke: the importance of collaboration and reproducibility. Brain 2017; 140(8): 2079-2092.

Khattar NK, Williams BJ, Ding D, et al. Chapter 22 Neuroprotective Strategies in Hemorrhagic Stroke. In: Lapchak PA, YANG GY, editors. Translational Research in Stroke. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. P492.

Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022; 17(1): 18-29.